Let's face it we're sick of football. College basketball really doesn't start until March; pro basketball until mid-April. As for my favorite sport baseball, I refuse to fill up on empty Spring Training calories before Opening Day. This leaves a big sports void in the month of February and I usually fill it with a good baseball book, but this year things worked out a little differently. By consensus our two-person book group, selected a sports/history book to kickoff 2023—David Maraniss’s Path Lit by Lightning: The Story of Jim Thorpe (2022).
If you are like me, you were probably familiar with the Thorpe name as some great athlete who played sports early in the 20th Century, residing in the black-and-white team photograph corner of your mind. Reading Maraniss’s detailed biography of Thorpe’s life changed all that. I can now pick Thorpe out of this picture of the Carlisle Indians football team (middle row, third from the right).
Football Days
Thorpe was born in 1887 on a Sac and Fox reservation near Prague Oklahoma, twenty years before Oklahoma became a state. When he was 17, Thorpe was sent to the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania and ended up playing football for the legendary (albeit somewhat undeserving) Pop Warner in 1907 (top row, wearing a suit). In the early days of football, Carlisle, though it was not a college, played many of the college power houses of the time: Army, Penn, Harvard and Pitt. In 1912 they finished with a 9-1-1 record including an historically significant victory against Army (the pre-game pep talk where Warner reminded his team what the U.S. Army had done to their ancestors). In the game Thorpe was knocked cold by future president Dwight D. Eisenhower. Since there was no such thing as concussion protocol then, Thorpe later returned to the game.
At Carlisle, Thorpe was also introduced to track and field, which matched well with his overall athleticism. By today’s standards he was not that big —about 175-185 pounds, but he was all muscle, speed, toughness, and agility. Thorpe represented America in the pentathlon and decathlon in the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm where he won two gold medals. (Maraniss points out that ironically, even though Thorpe was a Native American he had to sign a form that he was an American before competing.) Sadly, within a year he was stripped of those medals because he had been paid as a professional minor league baseball player. Later Thorpe played 269 games in six seasons at the major league level, mostly for the New York Giants, but this clip from Total Baseball confirms that he had trouble hitting the curveball.
Thorpe was prominent in the early history of professional football along with the likes of Red Grange and George Halas. He was the league's first president, though mostly because of his athletic fame.
More than Sports
Although the first half of the Path Lit is about the early days of the Olympics, football and some baseball, the book is also about the politics and policies of assimilation, racism towards Native Americans, and several chapters on life in Hollywood in late 40s and early 50s. In 1951, Burt Lancaster starred in a movie made about Thorpe's life. Michael Curtiz of Casablanca fame directed it.
But Thorpe had many troubles. Maraniss summarizes them all: "his struggles with alcohol, his nomadic lifestyle, his Sisyphean cycle of finding and losing jobs, his bad luck and mistreatment, his [three] dysfunctional marriages, his time away from his sons and daughters when they were young.” However, despite their difficult upbringings Thorpe's children grew up to become military officers, government workers, college graduates, and Native American activists.
Maraniss is evenhanded in his biography neither completely blaming Thorpe or the white-dominated society for Thorpes woes nor completely absolving either of them. It's complicated and that is one of the strengths of the book is Maraniss has taken great effort to put the athlete's life in historical context. (It's one of the weaknesses too -- sometime too much detail.). Perhaps Thorpe summed up his own life best when he said after having his medals unjustly taken away, "Once I had made up my mind to face the world with the truth, I was no longer worried about the matter. I adopted a fatalistic viewpoint and considered the episode just another event on the red man's life of ups and downs.'
Jim Thorpe died in a trailer park in California from a heart attack in 1953, but the news traveled around the world as fast as communications would allow. After all, just a few years earlier in 1950, sportswriters from the Associated Press voted him by a wide margin the Greatest Athlete in the first half of the 20th century,
Thorpe had quite a sports career and a life, which provided Maraniss with more than enough material to fill my reading off- season.
